An Evaluation of Access to Clean Drinking Water and Its Impact on Child Mortality in Kebbi State
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Background of the Study
Access to clean drinking water is a fundamental determinant of health, especially in reducing the incidence of waterborne diseases (Yusuf et al., 2023). In Kebbi State, many communities, particularly in rural areas, lack reliable access to clean water, forcing residents to rely on unsafe sources such as rivers, ponds, and unprotected wells (Tijani et al., 2024). Waterborne diseases like cholera, dysentery, and diarrhea are common in these areas and are a leading cause of child mortality (Sani et al., 2023). The poor state of water infrastructure and the lack of adequate sanitation facilities contribute to the continued prevalence of these diseases in Kebbi State, further exacerbating the health challenges faced by children in the region.
The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the importance of clean water in reducing child mortality rates, as contaminated water is a major factor in the spread of diseases that disproportionately affect children (Abubakar & Hussaini, 2024). Despite efforts by the Nigerian government and non-governmental organizations to improve water access in Kebbi State, significant gaps remain in water supply coverage and water quality monitoring. This study will assess the impact of access to clean drinking water on child mortality in Kebbi State, with a focus on identifying the relationship between water availability, waterborne diseases, and child health outcomes.
Statement of the Problem
In Kebbi State, inadequate access to clean drinking water is contributing to high rates of waterborne diseases, which in turn affect child health and contribute to high child mortality. While efforts have been made to improve water infrastructure, many communities still lack access to safe water sources. This study will evaluate the impact of access to clean drinking water on child mortality in the state and explore ways to improve water access and reduce health risks.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the relationship between access to clean drinking water and child mortality in Kebbi State.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of water supply programs in reducing waterborne diseases and improving child health in Kebbi State.
- To propose strategies for improving access to clean drinking water and reducing child mortality in Kebbi State.
Research Questions
- How does access to clean drinking water affect child mortality rates in Kebbi State?
- What impact have water supply programs had on reducing waterborne diseases and improving child health in Kebbi State?
- What strategies can be implemented to improve access to clean drinking water in Kebbi State and reduce child mortality?
Research Hypotheses
- Access to clean drinking water is negatively correlated with child mortality rates in Kebbi State.
- Water supply programs have a significant impact on reducing waterborne diseases in Kebbi State.
- Improving access to clean drinking water will lead to a significant reduction in child mortality in Kebbi State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on rural and peri-urban communities in Kebbi State with limited access to clean drinking water. Limitations include challenges in accurately measuring water quality and access, as well as potential confounding factors that may affect child health outcomes.
Definitions of Terms
- Clean Drinking Water: Water that is free from contaminants and safe for human consumption.
- Waterborne Diseases: Diseases caused by pathogens transmitted through contaminated water, such as cholera, dysentery, and diarrhea.
- Child Mortality: The death of children under the age of five, often attributed to factors such as poor nutrition, diseases, and lack of access to healthcare and clean water.
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